1–4 TIECs as currently defined in the literature are predominantly electron hole conductors, but also concurrently transport oxygen ions and protons under certain atmospheric conditions. Introduction Triple ionic-electronic conductors (TIECs) are an emerging class of materials for low to intermediate temperature electrochemical applications such as protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs), catalysis, and membrane reactors. ![]() These observations suggest that aliovalient doping plays an important role in the incorporation and mobility of protons in TIEC materials. Through three separate conductivity relaxation measurements, oxidation, hydration, and isotopic switching, an improvement in the proton kinetics with Y-doping is observed in humidified oxidizing conditions, emulating conditions in intermediate-temperature electrochemical devices. ![]() The permeation results suggest that aliovalent substitution significantly improves the proton conductivity upon a 10% B-site doping of Y, while further incorporation of Y slightly decreases conductivity from the 10% optimum. In this work, a suite of BaCo 0.4Fe 0.4Zr 0.2− XY XO 3− δ ( X = 0, 0.1, 0.2) materials is synthesized and evaluated through hydrogen permeation and electrical conductivity relaxation measurements to investigate the effect of aliovalent substitution of Y 3+ for Zr 4+ on bulk proton conductivity and surface kinetics. However, few instances of direct proton kinetic measurements have been reported. Proton conductivity and surface reactivity are paramount in PCFC cathodes to improve the active reaction area. The BaCo 0.4Fe 0.4Zr 0.1Y 0.1O 3− δ (BCFZY0.1) triple ionic-electronic conductor (TIEC) has received thorough investigation as a potential cathode in protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) due to its excellent oxygen reduction reaction and concurrent conduction of electrons, oxygen ions, and protons.
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